![]() ![]() Di’s materials are cheaper because they can be made from widely available substances, and they don’t need to be deposited at high temperature or in a vacuum. Typical LED production lines require high-temperature processes or depositing light-emitting materials on a solid surface in a vacuum, and thus they use lots of energy. What’s more, they can be manufactured using cheaper, simpler, and less energy-intensive processes. In addition, the sweet spot between the highly efficient conversion of electricity to light and the ability to shine brightly has been difficult to reach.ĭawei Di co-invented new LED materials and devices that can generate light from electricity at maximum efficiency even when they need to reach high brightness. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used in a plethora of products ranging from smartphone and TV screens to traffic lights, but they’re expensive to make. Vedanta’s goal is to begin clinical studies with this drug candidate in 2021. Her work led to the identification of a bacterial cocktail derived from human gut flora that can control all three types of bacteria. She played a key role in the creation of the world’s largest library of human gut bacteria and led a campaign to test thousands of species for their ability to kill those three menacing organisms. Now working for Vedanta Biosciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Caballero is trying to do the same for people, identifying bacteria that can effectively control three potentially lethal bacterial strains often found in hospitals and nursing homes. She used these models together with bioinformatic tools to identify species of microbes that could clear the mouse gut of multi-drug- resistant bacteria, in this way destroying the main reservoir for infection. While working in a lab at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, Caballero developed lab mice that mimic intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, also known as superbugs. ![]() She was among the first to discover that certain organisms among the trillions that inhabit the human gut can help the body fight back when antibiotic-resistant bacteria begin to take hold. That’s why Silvia Caballero feels such urgency to develop new approaches to controlling bacterial infections. In 20 years, antibiotic drug resistance is projected to kill more people than cancer. ![]() “The ability to decisions in an informed fashion can mean the difference between survival and extinction of the species,” she says. The DNA Zoo (where Dudchenko is referred to as “chief zookeeper”) releases new data every week. The job ahead is to characterize the genome of every species on earth. In a world of mounting extinction, these species’ DNA code may one day be all that’s left of them. In late 2018, Dudchenko and her colleagues shared the first results of DNA Zoo, including end-to-end chromosome sequences for more than 50 species, including the cheetah, red panda, and Brazilian porcupine. Coupled with Dudchenko’s methods and algorithms, this makes assembling genomes easy. Olga Dudchenko has helped to make the next step-pasting those bits together in the right order, to reveal the actual genome-faster and cheaper.ĭudchenko uses Hi-C, a technique originally developed to study how chromosomes fold, to show which bits of DNA lie physically close to one another. But what they spit out are billions of disorganized fragments of DNA code. Modern gene sequencing machines are very fast, reading through the DNA of a peanut, eggplant, or armadillo in two days.
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